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在前面的3个小节中，分别介绍了使用expdp，传输表空间以及rman的异机恢复等方式实现单实例数据库向rac环境的迁移，本节中将介绍下使用physical dataguard实现这一过程，核心思想是构建基于单实例数据库的物理备库(rac环境)，而后进行主备库的切换，尽可能的减少迁移数据的时间消耗和对生产环境的影响！但同前3种方式相比，迁移的难度也增加了不少！由于文章篇幅限制，本节演示将分为上下两篇文章。本文主要参考下列的文章，感谢作者分享！
一：环境介绍
primary数据库(单实例环境) IP:192.168.1.49/24 操作系统版本：rhel5.4 64位 数据库版本：10.2.0.5physical standby数据库(rac环境，2个节点)
节点1 IP:192.168.1.41/24 节点2 IP:192.168.1.42/24 操作系统版本：centos4.8 64位 数据库版本：10.2.0.5二：配置primary数据库的tnsnames.ora文件以及dataguard相关的设置，由于即将构建的备库为rac环境，因而需要增加undotbs2表空间和thread 2日志组
| [oracle@server49 ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin [oracle@server49 ~]$ cat tnsnames.ora PRIMARY = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = server49.yang.com)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = primary.yang.com) ) ) STANDBY = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac1.yang.com)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SID = orcl1) (SERVICE_NAME = standby.yang.com) ) ) SQL> show parameter name; NAME TYPE VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------ db_file_name_convert string db_name string orcl db_unique_name string primary global_names boolean FALSE instance_name string orcl lock_name_space string log_file_name_convert string service_names string primary.yang.com SQL> select name,open_mode,log_mode,force_logging from v$database;
NAME OPEN_MODE LOG_MODE FOR --------- ---------- ------------ --- ORCL READ WRITE ARCHIVELOG NO SQL> alter database force logging; Database altered. SQL> select bytes/(1024*1024) MB,autoextensible from dba_data_files where tablespace_name='UNDOTBS1'; MB AUT ---------- --- 30 YES SQL> create undo tablespace undotbs2 datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs02.dbf' size 30M autoextend on maxsize 10G; Tablespace created. SQL> select bytes/(1024*1024) MB,autoextensible from dba_data_files where tablespace_name in ('UNDOTBS1','UNDOTBS2'); MB AUT ---------- --- 30 YES 30 YES QL> select a.group#,a.member,b.bytes/(1024*1024) MB,b.thread# from v$logfile a,v$log b where a.group#=b.group#; GROUP# MEMBER MB THREAD# ---------- ---------------------------------------- ---------- ---------- 3 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo03.log 50 1 2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo02.log 50 1 1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01.log 50 1 SQL> alter database add logfile thread 2 group 4 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo04.log' size 50M; Database altered. SQL> alter database add logfile thread 2 group 5 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo05.log' size 50M; Database altered. SQL> alter database add logfile thread 2 group 6 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo06.log' size 50M; Database altered. SQL> select a.group#,a.member,b.bytes/(1024*1024) MB,b.thread# from v$logfile a,v$log b where a.group#=b.group#; GROUP# MEMBER MB THREAD# ---------- ---------------------------------------- ---------- ---------- 3 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo03.log 50 1 2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo02.log 50 1 1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01.log 50 1 4 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo04.log 50 2 5 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo05.log 50 2 6 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo06.log 50 2 SQL> alter database enable thread 2; Database altered. SQL> alter system set log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(PRIMARY,STANDBY)'; System altered. SQL> archive log list; Database log mode Archive Mode Automatic archival Enabled Archive destination USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST Oldest online log sequence 19 Next log sequence to archive 21 Current log sequence 21 SQL> !mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/archive_log SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/archive_log VALID_FOR=ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=ORCL'; System altered. SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=standby LGWR ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=standby'; System altered. SQL> alter system set fal_server=standby; System altered. SQL> alter system set fal_client=primary; System altered. SQL> alter system set standby_file_management=auto; System altered.SQL> !mkdir -p /home/oracle/rman_bak |
三：在primar库上生成pfile，并使用rman备份数据库,将备份的数据复制到rac节点1上
| SQL> create pfile='/home/oracle/rman_bak/initorcl.ora' from spfile; File created. [oracle@server49 ~]$ rman target / Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on Sun Jan 8 14:49:21 2012 Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved. connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1299224612) RMAN> run { 2> allocate channel c1 device type disk; 3> allocate channel c2 device type disk; 4> backup incremental level 0 5> format '/home/oracle/rman_bak/inr0_%U' 6> tag 'full_bak_for_rac_standby' 7> database plus archivelog delete all input; 8> release channel c1; 9> release channel c2; 10> } RMAN> backup format '/home/oracle/rman_bak/control01.ctl' current controlfile for standby; [oracle@server49 ~]$ scp -rp rman_bak/ rac1:$(pwd) |
四：standby(节点1)数据库上，同样配置tnsnames.ora文件，创建密码文件，修改参数文件
| [oracle@rac1 ~]$ cat $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora ORCL1 = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac1-vip.yang.com)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = standby.yang.com) (INSTANCE_NAME = orcl1) ) ) ORCL2 = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac2-vip.yang.com)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = standby.yang.com) (INSTANCE_NAME = orcl2) ) ) ORCL = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac1-vip.yang.com)(PORT = 1521)) (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac2-vip.yang.com)(PORT = 1521)) (LOAD_BALANCE = yes) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = orcl.yang.com) ) ) LISTENERS_ORCL = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac1-vip.yang.com)(PORT = 1521)) (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac2-vip.yang.com)(PORT = 1521)) ) PRIMARY = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = server49.yang.com)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = primary.yang.com) (INSTANCE_NAME = orcl) ) )
STANDBY = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac1.yang.com)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = standby.yang.com) (INSTANCE_NAME = orcl1) ) ) [oracle@rac1 ~]$ crs_stat -t -v Name Type R/RA F/FT Target State Host ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ora....SM1.asm application 0/5 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 ora....C1.lsnr application 0/5 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 ora.rac1.gsd application 0/5 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 ora.rac1.ons application 0/3 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 ora.rac1.vip application 0/0 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 ora....SM2.asm application 0/5 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE rac2 ora....C2.lsnr application 0/5 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE rac2 ora.rac2.gsd application 0/5 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE rac2 ora.rac2.ons application 0/3 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE rac2 ora.rac2.vip application 0/0 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE rac2 [oracle@rac1 ~]$ orapwd file=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapworcl1 password=123456 [oracle@rac1 ~]$ cat /home/oracle/rman_bak/initorcl.ora *.__db_cache_size=79691776 *.__java_pool_size=4194304 *.__large_pool_size=4194304 *.__shared_pool_size=109051904 *.__streams_pool_size=8388608 *.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/adump' *.background_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/bdump' *.core_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/cdump' *.user_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/udump' *.compatible='10.2.0.5.0' *.control_files='+DATA/ORCL/CONTROLFILE/CONTROL01.CTL','+FRA/ORCL/CONTROLFILE/CONTROL02.CTL' *.db_block_size=8192 *.db_domain='yang.com' *.db_file_multiblock_read_count=16 *.db_name='orcl' *.db_recovery_file_dest='+FRA' *.db_recovery_file_dest_size=21474836480 *.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=orclXDB)' *.fal_client='STANDBY' *.fal_server='PRIMARY' *.job_queue_processes=10 *.log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(PRIMARY,STANDBY)' *.log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=+FRA/ORCL/ARCHIVELOG VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=STANDBY' *.log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=PRIMARY LGWR ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=PRIMARY' *.log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.dbf' *.open_cursors=300 *.pga_aggregate_target=71303168 *.processes=150 *.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE' *.sga_target=213909504 *.standby_file_management='AUTO' *.undo_management='AUTO' *.cluster_database=true *.cluster_database_instances=2 *.db_unique_name='standby' *.log_file_name_convert=('/u01/app/oracle/flash_recover_area', '+FRA/ORCL/ARCHIVELOG') *.db_file_name_convert=('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl', '+DATA/ORCL/DATAFILE') orcl1.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1' orcl2.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS2' orcl1.instance_number=1 orcl2.instance_number=2 orcl1.thread=1 orcl2.thread=2 orcl1.local_listener='(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.1.41)(PORT=1521))' orcl2.local_listener='(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.1.42)(PORT=1521))' |
| [oracle@rac1 ~]$ sqlplus /nolog SQL> conn /as sysdba Connected to an idle instance. SQL> startup nomount pfile='/home/oracle/rman_bak/initorcl.ora'; ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 213909504 bytes Fixed Size 2095152 bytes Variable Size 125831120 bytes Database Buffers 79691776 bytes Redo Buffers 6291456 bytes SQL> create spfile='+DATA/ORCL/PARAMETERFILE/SPFILEORCL1.ORA' from pfile='/home/oracle/rman_bak/initorcl.ora'; File created.备注：ASM磁盘内的相应目录要先创建好 |
| [oracle@rac1 ~]$ rman target / connected to target database: orcl (not mounted) RMAN> restore controlfile from '/home/oracle/rman_bak/control01.ctl'; 备注：ASM磁盘内的相应目录要先创建好 ASMCMD> pwd +FRA/ORCL/controlfile ASMCMD> ls control02.ctl ASMCMD> cd +DATA/ORCL/controlfile ASMCMD> ls control01.ctl |
| [oracle@rac1 ~]$ rman target auxiliary / connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1299224612) connected to auxiliary database: ORCL (not mounted) RMAN> duplicate target database for standby; 输出省略 [oracle@rac1 ~]$ rman target / connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1299224612, not open) RMAN> report schema; Starting implicit crosscheck backup at 2012-01-09 15:35:29 using target database control file instead of recovery catalog allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1 Crosschecked 9 objects Finished implicit crosscheck backup at 2012-01-09 15:35:31 Starting implicit crosscheck copy at 2012-01-09 15:35:31 using channel ORA_DISK_1 Finished implicit crosscheck copy at 2012-01-09 15:35:31 searching for all files in the recovery area cataloging files... no files cataloged RMAN-06139: WARNING: control file is not current for REPORT SCHEMA Report of database schema List of Permanent Datafiles =========================== File Size(MB) Tablespace RB segs Datafile Name ---- -------- -------------------- ------- ------------------------ 1 450 SYSTEM *** +DATA/orcl/datafile/system01.dbf 2 30 UNDOTBS1 *** +DATA/orcl/datafile/undotbs01.dbf 3 260 SYSAUX *** +DATA/orcl/datafile/sysaux01.dbf 4 5 USERS *** +DATA/orcl/datafile/users01.dbf 5 100 EXAMPLE *** +DATA/orcl/datafile/example01.dbf 6 410 EXP_RAC *** +DATA/orcl/datafile/exp_rac01.dbf 7 300 EXP_RAC_INDEX *** +DATA/orcl/datafile/exp_rac_index01.dbf 8 300 EXP_RAC1 *** +DATA/orcl/datafile/exp_rac1_01.dbf 9 300 EXP_RAC1_INDEX *** +DATA/orcl/datafile/exp_rac1_index_01.dbf 10 30 UNDOTBS2 *** +DATA/orcl/datafile/undotbs02.dbf List of Temporary Files ======================= File Size(MB) Tablespace Maxsize(MB) Tempfile Name ---- -------- -------------------- ----------- -------------------- 1 0 TEMP 32767 +DATA/orcl/datafile/temp01.dbf ASMCMD> pwd +data/ORCL/datafile ASMCMD> ls example01.dbf exp_rac01.dbf exp_rac1_01.dbf exp_rac1_index_01.dbf exp_rac_index01.dbf sysaux01.dbf system01.dbf undotbs01.dbf undotbs02.dbf users01.dbf |
八：启动节点1数据库到应用日志模式下，中间若出现归档日志的gap，则需要在主库上restore相应的归档日志文件
| [oracle@rac1 ~]$ sqlplus /nolog SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on Mon Jan 9 15:43:34 2012 Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle. All Rights Reserved. SQL> conn /as sysdba Connected. SQL> archive log list; Database log mode Archive Mode Automatic archival Enabled Archive destination +FRA/orcl/archivelog Oldest online log sequence 26 Next log sequence to archive 0 Current log sequence 28 SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session; Database altered. SQL> select name,database_role from gv$database; NAME DATABASE_ROLE --------------------------- ------------------------------------------------ ORCL PHYSICAL STANDBY SQL> select first_time,next_time,sequence#,applied from v$archived_log;
FIRST_TIME NEXT_TIME SEQUENCE# APPLIED ------------------- ------------------- ---------- --------- 2012-01-09 14:17:57 2012-01-09 14:52:34 27 NO [oracle@rac1 ~]$ tail -f /u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/bdump/alert_orcl1.log Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory Additional information: 3 Mon Jan 09 15:44:26 CST 2012 Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/bdump/orcl1_mrp0_15952.trc: ORA-00344: unable to re-create online log '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01.log' ORA-27040: file create error, unable to create file Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory Clearing online redo logfile 1 complete Media Recovery Waiting for thread 1 sequence 26 Fetching gap sequence in thread 1, gap sequence 26-26 Mon Jan 09 15:44:26 CST 2012 Completed: alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session Mon Jan 09 15:45:00 CST 2012 FAL[client]: Failed to request gap sequence GAP - thread 1 sequence 26-26 DBID 1299224612 branch 771443882 FAL[client]: All defined FAL servers have been attempted. ------------------------------------------------------------- Check that the CONTROL_FILE_RECORD_KEEP_TIME initialization parameter is defined to a value that is sufficiently large enough to maintain adequate log switch information to resolve archivelog gaps. ------------------------------------------------------------- primary数据库操作： RMAN> restore archivelog from sequence 24; [oracle@server49 ~]$ sqlplus /nolog SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on Mon Jan 9 16:15:16 2012 Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle. All Rights Reserved. SQL> conn /as sysdba Connected. SQL> archive log list; Database log mode Archive Mode Automatic archival Enabled Archive destination /u01/app/oracle/archive_log Oldest online log sequence 26 Next log sequence to archive 28 Current log sequence 28 SQL> alter system switch logfile; System altered. [oracle@rac1 ~]$ tail -f /u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/bdump/alert_orcl1.log RFS[2]: Assigned to RFS process 28510 RFS[2]: Identified database type as 'physical standby' Primary database is in MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE mode Primary database is in MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE mode Mon Jan 09 16:15:46 CST 2012 RFS[1]: Archived Log: '+FRA/orcl/archivelog/1_28_771443882.dbf' RFS[1]: Archived Log: '+FRA/orcl/archivelog/2_6_771443882.dbf' Mon Jan 09 16:15:50 CST 2012 Fetching gap sequence in thread 2, gap sequence 5-5 Mon Jan 09 16:16:25 CST 2012 FAL[client]: Failed to request gap sequence GAP - thread 2 sequence 5-5 DBID 1299224612 branch 771443882 FAL[client]: All defined FAL servers have been attempted. ------------------------------------------------------------- Check that the CONTROL_FILE_RECORD_KEEP_TIME initialization parameter is defined to a value that is sufficiently large enough to maintain adequate log switch information to resolve archivelog gaps. ------------------------------------------------------------- SQL>select first_time,next_time,sequence#,applied from v$archived_log; FIRST_TIME NEXT_TIME SEQUENCE# APPLIED ------------------- ------------------- ---------- --------- 2012-01-09 14:17:57 2012-01-09 14:52:34 27 NO 2012-01-09 14:13:14 2012-01-09 14:17:57 26 NO 2012-01-09 14:52:34 2012-01-09 16:15:37 28 NO 2012-01-09 14:17:56 2012-01-09 16:15:44 6 NO primary数据库操作： RMAN> restore archivelog from sequence 5 thread 2; 节点1数据库继续查询： SQL>select first_time,next_time,sequence#,applied from v$archived_log; FIRST_TIME NEXT_TIME SEQUENCE# APPLIED ------------------- ------------------- ---------- --------- 2012-01-09 14:17:57 2012-01-09 14:52:34 27 YES 2012-01-09 14:13:14 2012-01-09 14:17:57 26 YES 2012-01-09 14:52:34 2012-01-09 16:15:37 28 YES 2012-01-09 14:17:56 2012-01-09 16:15:44 6 YES 2012-01-09 14:13:12 2012-01-09 14:17:56 5 YES 2012-01-09 16:15:37 2012-01-09 16:30:00 29 NO 6 rows selected. 上述过程没有问题后，就可以启动节点2的数据库实例到mount状态！ SQL> select name,db_unique_name,open_mode,database_role from gv$database; NAME DB_UNIQUE_ OPEN_MODE DATABASE_ROLE -------------------- ---------- -------------------- -------------------- ORCL standby MOUNTED PHYSICAL STANDBY ORCL standby MOUNTED PHYSICAL STANDBY 最后确定下主库和备库的日志传输和应用状况是否正常！ SQL> archive log list; Database log mode Archive Mode Automatic archival Enabled Archive destination /u01/app/oracle/archive_log Oldest online log sequence 34 Next log sequence to archive 36 Current log sequence 36 SQL> select first_time,next_time,sequence#,applied,thread# from v$archived_log order by 5,3 ; FIRST_TIME NEXT_TIME SEQUENCE# APPLIED THREAD# ------------------- ------------------- ---------- --------- ---------- 2012-01-09 14:13:14 2012-01-09 14:17:57 26 YES 1 2012-01-09 14:17:57 2012-01-09 14:52:34 27 YES 1 2012-01-09 14:52:34 2012-01-09 16:15:37 28 YES 1 2012-01-09 16:15:37 2012-01-09 16:30:00 29 YES 1 2012-01-09 16:30:00 2012-01-09 18:04:06 30 YES 1 2012-01-09 18:04:06 2012-01-09 18:04:18 31 YES 1 2012-01-09 18:04:18 2012-01-09 18:06:40 32 YES 1 2012-01-09 18:06:40 2012-01-09 19:55:25 33 YES 1 2012-01-09 19:55:25 2012-01-09 19:55:38 34 YES 1 2012-01-09 19:55:38 2012-01-09 19:56:30 35 NO 1 2012-01-09 14:13:12 2012-01-09 14:17:56 5 YES 2 FIRST_TIME NEXT_TIME SEQUENCE# APPLIED THREAD# ------------------- ------------------- ---------- --------- ---------- 2012-01-09 14:17:56 2012-01-09 16:15:44 6 YES 2 2012-01-09 16:15:44 2012-01-09 18:04:05 7 YES 2 2012-01-09 18:04:05 2012-01-09 18:04:17 8 YES 2 2012-01-09 18:04:17 2012-01-09 18:06:36 9 YES 2 2012-01-09 18:06:36 2012-01-09 19:55:23 10 YES 2 2012-01-09 19:55:23 2012-01-09 19:55:37 11 YES 2 2012-01-09 19:55:37 2012-01-09 19:56:26 12 YES 2 18 rows selected. SQL> select name,db_unique_name,database_role,switchover_status from v$database; NAME DB_UNIQUE_NAME DATABASE_ROLE SWITCHOVER_STATUS --------- ------------------------------ ---------------- -------------------- ORCL primary PRIMARY SESSIONS ACTIVE |
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